北京市人民政府办公厅 市国土房管局


北京市人民政府办公厅转发市国土房管局关于北京市城镇廉租住房管理试行办法的通知

京政办发〔2001〕62号

各区、县人民政府，市政府各委、办、局，各市属机构：
市国土房管局制订的《北京市城镇廉租住房管理试行办法》已经市政府原则同意，现转发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。

北京市人民政府办公厅
二〇〇一年八月二十一日


北京市城镇廉租住房管理试行办法

市国土房管局
二〇〇一年七月三十一日

为建立和完善社会主义市场经济条件下具有社会保障性质的住房供给和分配体制，改善本市最低收入家庭的住房条件，根据中华人民共和国建设部《城镇廉租住房管理办法》（建设部令〔1999〕第70号）和《北京市进一步深化城镇住房制度改革加快住房建设实施方案》（京发〔1999〕21号），制定本办法。
一、城镇廉租住房是指政府（单位）在住房领域实施社会保障职能，向具有本市非农业常住户口的最低收入家庭和其他需保障的特殊家庭提供的租金补贴或者以低廉租金配租的具有社会保障性质的普通住宅。
二、市国土房管局是本市廉租住房工作的行政管理机关,负责拟订并实施本市廉租住房的管理办法和政策，制定城近郊区廉租住房的实施办法；同时，指导协调本市廉租住房的管理工作。各区、县房屋行政管理部门负责本区、县廉租住房的行政管理工作，其中远郊区、县房屋行政管理部门可根据本办法，结合本地区实际情况拟定辖区内廉租住房的具体实施办法，报当地区、县政府批准后实施。
三、廉租住房的实施方式包括租金补贴、实物配租和租金减免。
租金补贴是指：政府对住房困难且符合条件的申请家庭按规定标准发放租金补贴，由其到市场上租赁房屋。
实物配租是指：政府向住房困难且符合条件的申请家庭出租租金低廉且面积适当的普通住房。
租金减免是指：住房面积达到标准的廉租对象，按《北京城镇公有住房租金减免暂行办法》（京政发〔2000〕7号）规定，执行新增租金免交的办法。
四、符合最低收入标准和住房困难标准的城镇居民可申请配租廉租住房。城近郊区最低收入标准和住房困难标准由市国土房管局拟订，报市政府批准后公布。起步阶段，城近郊区申请廉租住房的家庭暂限定为符合规定条件的城市居民最低生活保障对象和其他家庭。
远郊区县最低收入标准和住房困难标准由当地人民政府根据其实际情况另行制定，报市国土房管局备案后公布实施。
五、廉租住房的配租标准以满足最低收入家庭基本住房需要为原则，其人均面积标准及补贴标准由市国土房管局拟订，报市政府批准后公布。
六、廉租住房租金标准实行政府定价。最低收入家庭现承租的公有住房按现在公有住房的租金标准和减免政策执行，实物配租的廉租住房租金标准原则上按照最低收入家庭收入的5%确定，以后随最低收入家庭收入水平的提高而提高。
七、廉租住房的资金主要通过以下渠道筹集：
（一）市、区县财政拨付的专项资金；
（二）住房公积金的增值部分；
（三）直管公房售房款中提取一定比例；
（四）将廉租住房纳入社会保障体系，从社会福利奖券的筹集款中适当提取一定比例，专项用于廉租住房；
（五）接受社会捐赠和通过其它渠道筹集的资金。
廉租住房的资金必须纳入住房保障基金，由廉租住房行政管理部门在北京市住房资金管理中心委托银行设定的专户专项存储管理，用于廉租住房的筹集、补贴的发放及廉租住房维修、管理费用的补贴。
八、廉租住房的来源如下：
（一）廉租对象承租的现公有住房；
（二）政府出资收购用于廉租的住房；
（三）政府发放租金补贴由廉租对象承租的住房；
（四）市和各区、县所属的国有房地产开发公司按年竣工面积一定比例提供的住房；
（五）接受社会捐赠和通过其它渠道筹集的符合廉租住房标准的住房。
九、承租廉租住房实行申请、审批、轮候制度。程序为：
（一）申请。
申请家庭推举一名具有完全民事行为能力的家庭成员向其户口所在地的街道办事处提出申请。
（二）审核。
申请家庭户口所在区的廉租住房行政管理部门对申请家庭交报的收入、家庭成员、住房情况材料的审核工作在20个工作日内完成。
（三）公告。
经审核符合申请条件的，将申请家庭的基本情况在其居住地范围内进行为期10日的公告；经公告，有异议的，区廉租住房行政管理部门负责进一步核查，对不符合条件的申请家庭，将书面通知未通过审核的原因；无异议的，由区廉租住房行政管理部门报市廉租住房行政管理部门。
（四）登记。
市廉租住房行政管理部门进行复审后，提出登记意见，并注明申请家庭的配租方式。
（五）轮候。
对已登记备案的家庭，根据住房困难程度和登记排序等条件，由廉租住房行政管理部门采取摇号排序方式配租廉租住房。申请廉租住房的家庭无正当理由拒绝廉租住房行政管理部门配租的，应重新轮候。
在轮候期间，申请家庭基本情况发生变化的，申请人应当及时告知所在区廉租住房行政管理部门，经核实后，区廉租住房行政管理部门应根据变化情况提出变更意见上报市廉租住房行政管理部门，由市廉租住房行政管理部门进行变更登记。
十、接受实物配租的家庭，应与廉租住房行政管理部门签订《北京市城镇廉租住房租赁合同》。
领取租金补贴的家庭，与房屋出租人（单位）签订《北京市城镇廉租住房租赁合同》，并报房屋所在区廉租住房行政管理部门备案后，由廉租住房行政管理部门向房屋出租人发放补贴租金，专项用于交纳廉租家庭的房租；按原住房面积与规定补贴面积标准差发放租金补贴的，廉租家庭原住房可自行出租，用于支付廉租住房补贴租金的差额。
接受配租的家庭腾退的原住房，由廉租住房行政管理部门继续用于实物配租。
十一、廉租住房行政管理部门应定期会同同级财政、民政、公安等部门及街道办事处对享受廉租住房家庭的收入、人口、住房状况等基本情况进行复核。
享受廉租住房的家庭人均收入超过当年北京市城镇居民最低生活保障标准的，由廉租住房行政管理部门书面通知配租家庭，对实行租金补贴的家庭在6个月内停发补贴；实行实物配租的家庭应在6个月内腾退廉租住房。有正当理由不能按期腾退的，经廉租住房行政管理部门批准，可在一定期限内续租（租金标准视其家庭人均收入增长情况确定）。无正当理由不能按期腾退的，由廉租住房行政管理部门责令其退房，并按当地市场租金补足超期住房期间的房租。
十二、申请承租廉租住房的家庭，应如实申报家庭收入及住房情况。不如实申报的，经查实，由房屋所在地的廉租住房行政管理部门责令其退房、停发补贴租金，并按所在地区市场租金标准补足承租期间的房租或收回已发放的补贴租金。
十三、承租廉租住房的家庭，应按合同约定按时交纳租金、合理使用房屋，并不得将承租的廉租住房转借、转租和改变房屋用途。违反本规定的，按建设部《城镇廉租住房管理办法》第九条规定执行。
十四、廉租住房行政管理部门及其它部门工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊但没有构成犯罪的，依有关规定给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
十五、市财政、民政、公安等部门及街道办事处要按照各自职责协同实施本办法。
十六、本办法实施中的问题由市国土房管局负责解释。
十七、本办法自发布之日起施行。

The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing

Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.