最高人民法院关于专业银行、信用社担保的经济合同被确认无效后保证人是否应当承担连带责任问题的批复

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最高人民法院关于专业银行、信用社担保的经济合同被确认无效后保证人是否应当承担连带责任问题的批复

最高人民法院


最高人民法院关于专业银行、信用社担保的经济合同被确认无效后保证人是否应当承担连带责任问题的批复
最高人民法院





河南省高级人民法院:

你院(1986)豫法经字第19号请示收悉。关于专业银行、信用社担保的经济合同被确认无效后,保证人是否应当承担连带责任问题,经研究答复如下:
一、依照《中华人民共和国民法通则》第八十九条“保证人向债权人保证债务人履行债务,债务人不履行债务的,按照约定由保证人履行或者承担连带责任”及《中华人民共和国经济合同法》第十五条的规定,专业银行、信用社若作为经济合同当事人一方的保证人,在被保证人不履行
合同义务时,应当按照约定由保证人履行或者承担连带责任。
二、经济合同依法被确认无效后,当事人依据该合同所取得的财产应当返还给对方。有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受的损失;如果双方都有过错,应当各自承担相应的责任。因此,在担保的经济合同被确认无效后,若被保证人应当返还财产而不能返还或者应当赔偿损失而不能赔偿
时,除有特殊约定外,保证人应当承担连带责任。



1987年2月5日
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汽车金融公司管理办法(英文版)

中国银行业监督管理委员会




China Banking Regulatory Commission No. 4 Order
Upon the approval of the State Council, the Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company is now promulgated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.





Chairman Liu Mingkang

October 3, 2003





Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 The Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) is stipulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to serve the need of developing auto financing business and regulating the business activities of the non-bank financial institutions engaging in auto financing business.



Article 2 Auto financing companies referred to in the Rules are defined as non-bank financial legal entities charted by the China Banking Regulatory Commission in compliance with relevant laws, regulations and the Rules to provide loans for auto buyers and dealers in the mainland of China.



Article 3 Auto financing companies are supervised and regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Chapter II Incorporation, Change and Termination


Article 4 The establishment of an auto financing company shall be subject to the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, no individual or entity shall be allowed to establish an auto financing company, or engage in auto financing business, or include in the name of a company such names as “auto financing” or “auto loan” that indicate the company’s engagement in auto financing business



Article 5 An investor of an auto financing company shall satisfy following requirements:

(a) It shall be a corporate legal entity incorporated in and outside China.

If the investor is a non-financial entity, its total assets of the previous year shall be no less than RMB4 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies; its annual business revenue of the previous year shall be no less than RMB2 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies.

If the investor is a non-bank financial institution, its registered capital shall be no less than RMB300 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies;

(b) It shall have sound business performance and remain profitable for the last three consecutive years;

(c) It shall comply with the laws of the countries where it is incorporated and shall have a clean record;

(d) In case of the largest investor, it shall be an auto enterprise or a non-bank financial institution.

The auto enterprise refers to an enterprise that manufactures and sells the whole unit of an automobile.

The largest investor refers to the investor with the largest share of capital and its capital contribution accounting for no less than 30 percent of the total equity of the auto financing company;

(e) It shall not invest in more than one auto financing company; and

(f) It shall satisfy other prudential supervisory requirements set forth by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 6 An auto financing company shall satisfy the following conditions in order to be incorporated:

a) the minimum amount of registered capital required by the Rules;

b) Articles of Association that complies with relevant laws including the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Rules;

c) senior management familiar with auto financing and other related business;

d) a sound organizational structure, management and risk control systems;

e) proper business premises, safety measures and other facilities for business operations; and

f) other conditions set out by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 7 The minimum registered capital of an auto financing company shall be no less than RMB500 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies. Registered capital shall be paid-in capital.



The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall have the power to adjust the minimum registered capital of an auto financing company in line with the developments of auto financing business and the prudential requirements, but the adjusted floor shall not be lower than the amount provided in this Article.



Article 8 The establishment of an auto financing company shall cover two stages, i.e. the preparation stage and the business commencement stage. The Chinese text of all application documents for the preparation and the business commencement stages shall prevail.



Article 9 To apply for the preparation of a prospective auto financing company, the largest investor of the company shall act as the applicant and submit the following documents to the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) an application letter, including the auto financing company’s name, location of incorporation, registered capital, business scope and investors’ names and amounts of investment, etc.;

(b) a feasibility study on establishing the auto financing company, including a market analysis, a business plan, the organizational structure, an assessment of the company’s risk control capability, the proforma balance sheet and profits in the following three years after the business commencement;

(c) an Articles of Association of the auto financing company (a draft note);

(d) basic information of each investor of the auto financing company, including name, legal representative, location of incorporation, a photocopy of the business license and a summary of business performance, etc.;

(e) the investor’s balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow statement for the latest three years audited by qualified auditing firms;

(f) name and resume of the person in charge of the preparation; and

(g) other documents required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



If the applicant is a foreign non-bank financial institution, it shall submit the consent of its home country supervisory authority in writing. If the applicant is a non-financial entity, it shall submit the credit rating report of the previous year by a rating agency.



Article 10 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, upon receiving a complete set of application documents for the preparation of an auto financing company, shall provide its decision of approval or denial in writing within six months.



Article 11 The applicant shall, upon receiving the approval letter from the China Banking Regulatory Commission, complete the preparation within six months. If the applicant has justification for prolonging the preparation stage beyond the prescribed period, it shall submit a written application to the China Banking Regulatory Commission before the original deadline falls due, and may extend the preparation stage for up to three months subject to the approval.



If the applicant fails to apply for business commencement upon the completion of the preparation stage or the extended preparation stage, the original approval document for the preparation shall become void automatically.



During the preparation stage, the applicant shall not conduct any auto financing business.



Article 12 The applicant shall, before the deadline of the preparation stage or the extended preparation stage, apply for business commencement to the China Banking Regulatory Commission with the following attachments:



(a) a report on completion of the preparation and an application letter for business commencement;

(b) a certification of paid-in capital issued by a qualified Chinese certifying agency, and a registration certificate issued by the State Administration of Industry and Commerce;

(c) articles of Association of the auto financing company;

(d) names and detailed resumes of proposed senior managerial personnel;

(e) name and capital contribution of each shareholder;

(f) proposed business rules and procedures and internal controls;

(g) verification documents on business premises and other business-related facilities issued by relevant authorities; and

(h) other documents required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 13 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, upon receiving a complete set of business commencement application documents, shall provide its decision of approval or denial of the application within three months. If the application is approved, the applicant shall receive a written approval letter attached with a license to conduct financial business with the prescribed business scope. If the application is denied, the applicant shall receive a written notice in which reasons for denial are provided.



The applicant shall, before commencing operations, register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce with the presentation of the license to conduct financial business, and receive a corporate legal entity business License.



The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall revoke the license to conduct financial business and issue a public notice of the revocation if the auto financing company, after receiving the business license, fails without justification to open business within three months, or, without approval, stops operation for six consecutive months after business commencement.



Article 14 An auto financing company shall not set up any branch or subsidiary.



Article 15 The appointment of the senior managerial personnel of an auto financing company shall be either subject to the qualification review by the China Banking Regulatory Commission or filed with the China Banking Regulatory Commission for record.



The chairman of the board of directors, general manager and deputy general manager, executive directors, and chief financial officer of an auto financing company are subject to the qualification view by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The qualifications of these senior managerial personnel and procedures relating to qualification review and filing for record shall be issued separately.



Article 16 An auto financing company, in case of any of the following changes, shall seek the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) change of company name;

(b) change of registered capital;

(c) change of business premises;

(d) change of business scope;

(e) change of organizational structure;

(f) change of equity structure;

(g) revision of Articles of Association;

(h) change of senior managerial personnel;

(i) merger or split; and

(j) other changes that require the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 17 The liquidation of an auto financing company whose operation is terminated because of dissolution, closure or bankruptcy, shall be carried out in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.



Chapter III Business Scope and Supervision


Article 18 An auto financing company may conduct all or part of the following lines of Renminbi business with the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) taking deposits with maturity of no less than three months from its shareholders in the mainland of China;

(b) extending loans for auto purchase;

(c) extending loans to auto dealers for purpose of purchasing automobiles or facilities for operations (including the show-room construction, purchase of spare parts and equipment repairs);

(d) transferring and selling auto loan receivables;

(e) borrowing from financial institutions;

(f) providing guarantee for auto purchase financing;

(g) agency business relating to auto purchase financing; and

(h) other loan business approved by The China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 19 An auto financing company, in case of extending loans to a natural person for auto purchase, shall observe relevant rules governing the auto loans to individual buyers promulgated by the relative supervisory authority. In case of extending auto loans to a legal entity or other organizations, an auto financing company shall observe relevant rules set out by General Provisions of Loans and other regulations.



Article 20 An auto financing company, without the approval of relevant regulatory authorities, shall not issue bonds or borrow funds from overseas. When an auto financing company’s establishment and business operations involve currency exchange, outward repatriation of profits, provision of auto loans for non-residents, capital management or other business transactions relating to foreign exchange administration, the company shall be subject to relevant regulations to be jointly issued by relative regulatory authorities and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.



Article 21 An auto financing company shall meet the requirement on the capital to risk assets ratio, and the capital adequacy ratio shall not be less than ten percent. The China Banking Regulatory Commission may increase the minimum requirement of capital adequacy ratio of an individual company in line with the company’s risk profile and risk management capability. Other requirements on risk control and management relating to various kinds of assets shall be issued separately by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 22 An auto financing company shall adopt relevant accounting rules for financial institutions.



Article 23 An auto financing company shall compile in required format and submit to the China Banking Regulatory Commission the balance sheet, the profit and loss Statement, the cash flow statement and other statements required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, and submit the financial statements of the previous year within three months after the end of each accounting year.



An auto financing company shall not provide false financial statements, or statements in which important facts are concealed.



Article 24 An auto financing company shall establish and improve various business management systems and internal controls in line with Guidelines on Strengthening Internal Controls of Commercial Banks issued by the People’s Bank of China, and report the systems to the China Banking Regulatory Commission before their implementation.



Article 25 An auto financing company shall accept the on-site examination and the off-site surveillance by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 26 The China Banking Regulatory Commission may call the legal representatives or other senior managerial personnel of an auto financing company for inquiries into problems discovered during regular examinations, and demand the company to correct within a prescribed time frame.



Article 27 An auto financing company shall establish a system of external audit on a regular basis and submit to the China Banking Regulatory Commission annual auditor’s report signed by the company’s legal representative within six months after the end of each accounting year.



Article 28 An auto financing company, in case of encountering payment difficulties or other emergencies, shall take remedial actions, and promptly report to the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 29 The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall demand remedial actions by an auto financing company in case of the following circumstances:

(a) The company suffers from a loss in the current year of above 50 percent of the registered capital or losses in the last three consecutive years of above 10 percent of the registered capital;

(b) The company is in payment difficulties; and

(c) The company faces other major operational risks that the China Banking Regulatory Commission deems necessary to issue an order for corrective actions.



Article 30 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, after issuing an order for corrective actions to an auto financing company, may take the following enforcement actions:

(a) demanding or prohibiting the change of the company’s senior managerial personnel;

(b) suspending part of the company’s business or prohibiting the company’s engagement in new business lines;

(c) demanding an increase of the company’s capital within a prescribed time frame;

(d) demanding the company to change its equity structure or implement other forms of restructuring;

(e) prohibiting the dividend distribution; and

(f) other enforcement actions that the China Banking Regulatory Commission deems necessary.



Article 31 An auto financing company, when receiving an order for remedial actions, shall not resume normal business operations until the following conditions are met and are approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) Solvency is restored;

(b) Losses are covered; and

(c) Major operational risks are addressed.



Article 32 The maximum time limit that an auto financing company is allowed for corrective actions shall not exceed one year. If the company fails to meet the objectives of remedial actions within the prescribed time limit, its operation shall be terminated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.



Article 33 Auto financing companies may establish a trade association for self-regulation purposes. The activities of the trade association are subject to the guidance and oversight of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Chapter IV Legal Liabilities


Article 34 Any establishment of an auto financing company or any auto financing business without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall be banned. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liabilities shall be investigated. If the case dose not constitute a crime, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall confiscate the illegal earnings and impose a fine between one to five times the illegal earnings. If no illegal earnings are involved, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue an order for remedial actions and impose a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan.



Article 35 The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall demand correction and impose a fine of RMB1000 yuan if a company, without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, includes in its name such words as “auto finance”, “auto loan”, etc. that indicate the company’s engagement in auto financing business.



Article 36 In case of an auto financing company being found to engage in business activities beyond its prescribed business scope, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, confiscate the illegal earnings and impose a fine in a range of one to five times the illegal earnings. If no illegal earnings are involved, the China Banking Regulatory Commission imposes a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan. If the case constitutes a crime, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated.



Article 37 In case of an auto financing company being found in violation of relevant provisions of the Rules to provide false financial statements or statements in which important facts are concealed, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, and impose a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan. If the case constitutes a crime, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated.



Article 38 In case of an auto financing company being found in violation of relevant provisions of the Rules to reject or impede the examinations and oversight by the supervisor, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, and impose a fine of no less than RMB10,000 yuan and no more than RMB30,000 yuan.



Article 39 An auto financing company, in case of being found in violation of the Rules, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 34 to Article 38. If the violation is a serious one, the China Banking Regulatory Commission may ban the company’s senior managerial personnel from holding senior management position for one to ten years, or in some particular case, for life.



Article 40 An auto financing company, in case of being found in violation of other Chinese laws and regulations, shall be subject to enforcement actions by relevant regulatory authorities.



Chapter V Supplementary Provisions


Article 41 The Rules is applicable to all auto financing companies incorporated in the mainland of China funded by investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan province.



Article 42 The Rules enters into effect on October 3, 2003, and the power of the interpretation rests with the China Banking Regulatory Commission.




南宁市临时占用道路管理办法

广西壮族自治区南宁市人民政府


南宁市临时占用道路管理办法(2003年)


南宁市人民政府令第12号
  《南宁市临时占用道路管理办法》已经2003年1月8日南宁市人民政府常务会议审议通过,现予以发布,自2003年3月1日起施行。

  2003年1月21日

南宁市临时占用道路管理办法
  

  第一条 为严格控制临时占用道路行为,充分发挥道路的功能,保障道路交通安全畅通,维护市容环境整洁,根据《城市道路管理条例》和《南宁市市政设施管理条例》及有关规定,结合本市实际情况,制定本办法。
  第二条 在本市建城区范围内临时占用道路的,适用本办法。
  第三条 本办法所称道路是指城市街道、里巷以及公共广场、公共停车场等供车辆、行人通行的地方,包括桥梁、人行天桥、人行过街隧道。本办法所称临时占用道路是指在短期内(最长不超过六个月)利用道路堆料、施工作业、设置车辆保管点、报刊亭、IC电话亭等影响道路功能的行为。
  第四条 市市政行政主管部门负责组织实施本办法。城区市政管理部门负责对辖区内经批准临时占用道路的行为进行日常管理和监督。公安、规划、工商等管理部门,依照各自的职责,协同市政行政主管部门实施本办法。
  第五条 任何单位和个人不得擅自临时占用道路。确需临时占用道路的,应当经公安交通管理部门审核并经市市政行政主管部门批准,由市市政行政主管部门发给《临时占用道路许可证》后,方可占用。
  因紧急抢修市政、园林绿化、供水、供电、燃气、电信等城市基础设施临时占用道路的,可先行临时占用,但应及时报告公安交通管理部门和市市政行政主管部门,并申请补办审批手续。
  第六条 申请办理《临时占用道路许可证》按下列程序进行:
  (一)由占用单位或个人递交临时占用道路申请书,并填写《临时占用道路申请表》;
  (二)由公安交通管理部门审核并在《临时占用道路申请表》上签署意见;
  (三)由市市政行政主管部门根据上述审核情况发给《临时占用道路许可证》。占用道路搭建临时构筑物的,必须征得市城市规划行政主管部门同意后,方可办理《临时占用道路许可证》。
  第七条 除电话亭、报刊亭外,禁止占用建城区主要道路摆设摊点从事经营活动。严格控制在其他道路准许占道经营的范围和时间。主要道路和准许摆设摊点的其它道路的范围由市人民政府确定。
  第八条 在下列道路范围内,不得批准临时占用:
  (一)公交车候车亭30米范围内;
  (二)医院、学校门前道路两侧各100米范围内;
  (三)道路交叉路口及其视距三角形范围内和铁道路口、弯路、窄路、桥梁控制范围30米内;
  (四)消防通道及消防设施10米范围内;
  (五)人行天桥、人行地下通道及其周边10米范围内。
  市政、园林绿化、供水、供电、燃气、电信、交通等城市基础设施的建设、养护、维修工程,经批准后,可不受前款规定限制。
  第九条 临时占用道路,应当按照价格主管部门核定的收费标准交纳道路占用费。公益性临时占用道路可免缴道路占用费。道路占用费应当全额上缴财政部门。
  第十条 经批准临时占用道路的期限最长不得超过6个月,占用道路期满后仍需继续占用的,应在期满前30日内重新办理审批手续。
  第十一条 因城市建设管理或交通管理工作需要,市市政行政主管部门可以变更或取消《临时占用道路许可证》,有关单位和个人应当无条件服从并按时清退场地。变更或取消《临时占用道路许可证》的,应当退还未到期部分的道路占用费。
  第十二条 经批准临时占用道路的单位和个人,必须遵守下列规定:
  (一)在现场悬挂《临时占用道路许可证》;
  (二)按批准的时间、位置、面积和用途使用;
  (三)不得建设有固定基础的永久性建(构)筑物;
  (四)不得遮挡路灯、交通信号、交通标志;
  (五)不得损坏、骑压占用各类地下管线的井、盖及消防设施,不得堵塞消防通道;
  (六)不得侵占绿地和损坏绿化设施及花草、树木;
  (七)不得影响市政工程和绿化养护施工及垃圾、渣土、粪便清运作业的正常进行;
  (八)临时占用道路需挪移交通设施的,应事先报经公安交通管理部门同意,不得损坏道路和交通安全设施;
  (九)堆放物品的,应设置明显标志及安全防护设施;
  (十)施工作业现场应按规定使用围栏,并在相应位置设置警示标志牌;夜间施工作业应当使用施工标志灯;影响道路畅通的,还应当按公安交通管理部门要求设置交通标志;
  (十一)遇下雨等特殊天气时,应当在施工现场周围危险地段设置警告标志,并及时清除积水;
  (十二)施工用料在批准占用的范围内堆放整齐,禁止堆放易燃易爆及有毒危险物品;弃土、弃物及时清除;
  (十三)施工完成后,应及时清除现场的临时设施、弃土、弃料,按要求回填夯实,修复路面;
  (十四)遵守法律、法规的其他规定。
  违反前款规定,造成市政、绿化、交通等设施损坏的,应当依法承担赔偿责任。导致发生安全事故的,依照有关规定追究相关责任人的责任。
  第十三条 经批准临时占用道路的单位和个人,占用期满后,应当及时清理占用现场,恢复城市道路原状。
  第十四条 违反本办法擅自占用道路的,由市市政行政主管部门责令其限期改正、恢复原状,未造成损坏的,处50元以上500元以下罚款;造成道路设施、绿化植物及绿化设施、交通安全设施、管线等损坏的,应当依法承担赔偿责任,可并处500元以上5000元以下罚款;情节特别严重的,可并处5000元以上30000元以下罚款:
  第十五条 违反本办法第十二条规定,未造成安全事故的,由市市政行政主管部门责令其限期改正,并可按下列规定处以罚款:
  (一)违反第(一)、(九)、(十)、(十一)项规定拒不改正的,处100元以下罚款;
  (二)违反第(二)、(三)、(四)、(五)、(六)、(七)项规定的,处100元以上1000元以下罚款;
  (三)违反第(八)、(十二)、(十三)项规定的,处200元以上2000元以下罚款。
  第十六条 当事人对行政主管部门作出的具体行政行为不服的,可以依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。
  第十七条 当事人在法定期限内不履行具体行政行为的,作出具体行政行为的行政主管部门可依法申请人民法院强制执行。
  第十八条 市政管理部门及相关管理部门的工作人员玩忽职守,滥用职权,徇私舞弊的,由其所在单位或上级主管部门给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究其刑事责任。
  第十九条 本办法由市人民政府法制工作机构负责解释。
  第二十条 本办法自2003年3月1日起施行。1994年2月26日公布实施的《南宁市非交通占道管理暂行规定》(市人民政府令第2号)同时废止。